Signatures of selection detected from whole-genome sequencing indicate that the small body size in dwarf rabbit breeds is caused by polygenic effects with a few major loci.

On OCU3, the differentiated region includes the thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box ( TOX ) gene, whose function is seemingly unrelated to body size even though the GWAS Catalog reports a highly significant association with human height for this gene.

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The results were marginally significant ( P BH <0.10) when considering the MGI Mammalian Phenotype functional sets, which identified terms related to vertebrae morphology.

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