Incidence and disability-adjusted life-years of infective endocarditis in China from 1990 to 2021: comparison with G20 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Conversely, if the upper bound of the 95% CI and its mean were both less than 0, the ASR was considered to be on a decreasing trend. 18 To determine whether changes over different periods were statistically significant, we employed the Joinpoint regression software provided by the National Cancer Institute (Rockville, Maryland, USA).

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If the lower bound of the 95% CI for the EAPC and its mean were both greater than 0, the ASR was considered to be on an increasing trend.

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