Diploidization in a wild rice allopolyploid is both episodic and gradual.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025 · PMC12232711 · PMID 40569381

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Commonalities in diploidization include an overall trend toward fractionation (gene loss) and genome downsizing in polyploid species ( 16 ), involving processes such as large-scale chromosomal rearrangements and reduction in chromosome number, changes in gene expression, loss of duplicated genes, proliferation of transposable elements (TEs) and epigenetic modifications ( 8 ).

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