Evaluation and comparison of microbial colonization on nickel titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs and active tie-backs during orthodontic space closure: An <i>in-vivo</i> study.

J Orthod Sci · 2025 · PMC12237003 · PMID 40630768

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highly significantP < 0.000not a probability at all

RESULTS: The observations made in the study suggested an increased number of microbial colonies in the NiTi closed-coil spring group (46437.50 ± 11848.34 CFU/mL) compared to the active tie-back group (31031.25 ± 8204.97 CFU/mL), with the difference being statistically highly significant ( P < 0.000).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

Evaluation and comparison of microbial colonization on nickel titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs and active tie-backs during orthodontic space closure: An &lt;i&gt;in-vivo&lt;/i&gt; study.

The sentences

Evaluation and comparison of microbial colonization on nickel titanium (NiTi) closed coil springs and active tie-backs during orthodontic space closure: An <i>in-vivo</i> study.