Alterations in characteristics of plastic ingestion and decreasing body condition in beachcast fledgling short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris) at Phillip Island, Australia.

Given the near borderline significance level, a larger sample, or samples taken over a longer period of time (the greatest level of significance in changes in intestinal fat stores were seen when 2018, 2021, and 2022 results were assessed together) would be recommended to investigate these trends further at this location.

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Reviewing data published by Carey ( 2011 ), the predominance of user plastic retained by these birds can also be seen to have occurred over the longer period of 13 years (2010 to 2022), with a decreasing trend of industrial (− 14.3%) and rising other plastics (+ 9.0%) over this period.

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