A Comparative Study of Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection (TFESI) Versus Caudal Epidural Steroid Injections (CESI) in the Management of Lumbar Radiculopathy.

Cureus · 2025 · PMC12238789 · PMID 40636644

Europe PMC DOI

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highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

Importantly, a highly significant time × group interaction was observed (F = 173.8, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.750), confirming markedly different recovery trajectories between interventions, with this interaction explaining 75.0% of variance in temporal motor recovery patterns - the strongest interaction effect across all outcome measures.

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