highly significantp < 0.0001
At the α = 0.05 level (ANOVA statistical analyses), there is a highly significant difference in the surficial N + charge density (F (5, 12) = 587.60, p < 0.0001), exchange capacity (F (5, 12) = 367.50, p < 0.0001), and antibacterial efficiency (F (6, 14) = 205.68, p < 0.0001).