Emoji-Driven Sentiment Analysis for Social Bot Detection with Relational Graph Convolutional Networks.

Sensors (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12252294 · PMID 40648434

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extremely significantno p-value reported

The “without emotion and emojis” version exhibited the largest performance gap (t = −16.82, p < 0.00001), indicating an extremely significant difference and highlighting the importance of integrating both sentiment and emoji-related features.

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