The molecular mechanism of ATP synthase constrains the evolutionary landscape of chemiosmosis.

Biophys J · 2025 · PMC12256841 · PMID 40394897

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However, the constraints that arise from the mechanism of ATP synthase on both the Synthesis-First and Hydrolysis-First scenarios require new ideas for continuous pathways in the origin of chemiosmosis, where an understanding of the relationship between archaeal and bacterial ATP synthases might be significant.

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