Is Kiki angry and Bouba happy? Association between emotions, shapes, and sounds.

Psychol Res · 2025 · PMC12259753 · PMID 40658241

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

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closest p

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boldest claim

The sentences

close to being statistically significantno p-value reported

None of the interaction effects between pseudowords and facial expressions were even close to being statistically significant.

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highly significantno p-value reported

These effects were highly significant, and the effect sizes signaled that the effects were medium or large, suggesting that these interactions are relatively robust.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.