Onset of cavitation and vapor bubble development over hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025 · PMC12260580 · PMID 40591596

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

may be significantno p-value reported

Below this scale, fluctuations in bubble size, shape, and properties such as contact angle may be significant and the estimates of nucleation rates at the molecular scale may not reflect nucleation rates observed at the microscale.

also in 13,097 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.