How does academic self-efficacy influence learning anxiety and academic burnout in Chinese characters learning among international students in China?

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12261456 · PMID 40667391

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendp < 0.001actually significant

ASE, on the other hand, showed a decreasing trend, being highest in freshman year (M = 3.606, SD = 0.693) and lowest in senior year (M = 2.608, SD = 0.617), F = 24.800, p < 0.001.

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