Multi-level phenotypic models of cardiovascular disease and obstructive sleep apnea comorbidities: A longitudinal Wisconsin sleep cohort study.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12262892 · PMID 40663595

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0001

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0001

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp-value < 0.0001actually significant

In Cluster 1, only 3.64% of individuals were male, whereas in Cluster 2, this proportion was higher at 35.71%, with a highly significant p-value < 0.0001.

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borderline significantno p-value reported

The Zung self-rating depression scale index (“ zung_index” ) showed a borderline significant positive effect (estimate: 0.0137, p-value: 0.0768).

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marginally significantno p-value reported

For sleep-related variables, the average non-rapid eye movement apnea-hypopnea index (NREM-AHI, “nremahi” ) showed a positive association with CVD risk (p-value: 0.0878), albeit marginally significant.

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