The disproportionate burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension among the elderly: global, regional, and national trends from 1990 to 2021-findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study.

Front Cardiovasc Med · 2025 · PMC12279824 · PMID 40698002

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

All five SDI regions showed a decreasing trend in the Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR), but the number of deaths increased in all regions.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Approximately half of the regions exhibited an increasing trend in the ASPR for PAH, with Western Sub-Saharan Africa showing the highest increase [EAPC = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.18)], while Central Sub-Saharan Africa experienced the greatest decline [EAPC = −1.14 (95% CI: −1.30, −0.99)].North Africa and the Middle East reported the highest Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) at 0.44 per 100,000, while Central Latin America had the lowest at 0.08 per 100,000.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.