Intradyadic analysis of child parent perceptions of penile appearance post-hypospadias repair using the Paediatric Penile Perception Score (PPPS) in a middle-income country setting.

Pediatr Surg Int · 2025 · PMC12283461 · PMID 40694089

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0860

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0860

boldest claim

The sentences

a trend towards significancep = 0.086so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Penile-skin appearance showed a trend towards significance by age at surgery (H = 2.95, p = 0.086), but the effect size was small ( ε 2 = 0.03).

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