highly significantP < 0.01
LEFSe analyses highlighted compartment-specific biomarkers: Acidobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were enriched in distinct zones (rhizosphere, roots, and leaves), with Actinobacteria exhibiting highly significant correlations ( P < 0.01) with flavonoids, lipids, and quinones, while Acidobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were strongly linked to steroids and tannins ( P < 0.05).