National and subnational burden of brain and central nervous system cancers in China and global from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.

1990–2018, with significant increases in 1990–2001 (1990–1998: APC = 1.33%; 1998–2001: APC = 2.21%) and 2004–2018 (APC = 1.17%), followed by a significant downward trend post-2018 (2018–2021: APC=-0.85%).The ASDR initially increased significantly during 1990–1994 (APC = 0.30%), then transitioned to a decreasing trend post-1994, with notable declines during 1994–2013 (1994–2000: APC=-0.11%; 2000–2007: APC=-0.67%; 2007–2013: APC=-0.39%) and 2018–2021 (APC=-1.21%).

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While the < 5 years group showed the highest case numbers in 1990, the 65–69 years group became the predominant cohort in 2021.In both 1990 and 2021, China’s CIR of CNS cancers demonstrated an increasing trend from the 15–19 to 90–94 age groups, with a slight decline between the < 5 and 15–19 age groups, peaking in the 90–94 age group.Regarding prevalence, the peak number of CNS cancer cases in China occurred in the < 5 years age group in 1990, shifting to the 30–34 years group by 2021.

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