highly significantP < 0.001
In contrast, FCN models demonstrated a highly significant influence on all metrics, including Global Accuracy (F = 88.377, P < 0.001), Mean Accuracy (F = 8.059, P < 0.001), Mean IoU (F = 71.049, P < 0.001), Weighted IoU (F = 71.227, P < 0.001), BF Score (F = 212.725, P < 0.001), and Dice (F = 65.755, P < 0.001).