The Synergistic Effect of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

J Reprod Infertil · 2025 · PMC12317721 · PMID 40757037

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highly significantno p-value reported

Similarly, PD-1 gene expression demonstrated a substantial upregulation (fold change) in PCOS patients (3.62±0.62) relative to controls (1.16±0.17), with a highly significant p-value of 0.0001.

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