The global burden of disease attributable to suboptimal fruit and vegetable intake, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study.

Although fruit and vegetable intake showed an increasing trend, it remained below the optimal range.

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At the national level, all SDI subgroups presented a decreasing trend in ASRs of deaths attributable to suboptimal vegetable intake in 2021, with larger reductions observed in higher SDI groups (EAPC: high SDI − 1.24%, high-middle SDI − 3.34%, and middle SDI − 3.37%) compared to lower SDI groups (low-middle SDI − 1.20%, low SDI − 1.04%) (Table 1 ).

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