Spatial patterns and temporal trends of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer attributed to particulate matter pollution in Asia and its 34 countries and territories, 1990-2021.

Front Public Health · 2025 · PMC12328408 · PMID 40777651

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

The assessment of temporal trends followed these criteria: positive values for both the APC/AAPC estimate and the lower 95% confidence boundary indicated an increasing trend, whereas negative values for both the estimate and the upper 95% confidence boundary suggested a decreasing trend.

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