Barely Significant
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The facts about the effects of pedagogical agents on learners' cognitive load: a meta-analysis based on 24 studies.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12328452 · PMID 40777219

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borderline significantno p-value reported
The effect size of the pedagogical agent group that used live human voice overdubbing g = −0.070, p = 0.071, which was borderline significant, and the effect size of the pedagogical agent group that used machine synthesised voices g = −0.001, p = 0.995 > 0.05, which was not significant.

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