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Global burden and cross-national inequalities of tobacco-attributable cancers in adults aged 40 and above, 1990-2021: a population-based study.

Front Oncol · 2025 · PMC12331488 · PMID 40786509

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported
From 1990 to 2021, all regions showed a decreasing trend, with high SDI regions showing the largest decrease in EAPC at -2.06 (95% CI: -2.15 to -1.97) and low and medium SDI regions showing the smallest decrease, with an EAPC of -0.6 (95% CI: -0.62 to -0.57).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported
Yet there was an increase in DALYs in the 85–89 and 90–94 age groups and an increase in deaths in the 85–89, 90–94, and 95+ age groups, indicating an increasing trend in the cancer burden caused by smoking among the older population aged 85 and above ( Table 1 , Supplementary Table S1 ). 3.2.

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