Barely Significant
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Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis due to smoking, 1990-2021: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study.

Front Immunol · 2025 · PMC12331698 · PMID 40787439

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported
an increasing trendno p-value reported
From a global perspective, Deaths (EAPC=-3.8, 95%UI: -4.01 to -3.59), DALYs (EAPC=-3.75, 95%UI: -3.94 to -3.57), YLDs (EAPC=-2.51, 95%UI: -2.68 to -2.35), and YLLs (EAPC=- 3.84, 95%UI: -4.03 to -3.65) showed a decreasing trend in ASR values with a similar steepness; in terms of the number of cases, YLDs showed an increasing trend until 1995, after which they have been on a downward slope, while the number of cases for the other three indicators has been on a decreasing trend.

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