Longitudinal assessment of food insecurity status on the gut microbiome and metabolome of first-year college students.

While no statistical significance was observed between different FI states for observed ASV and phylogenetic diversity, we noted a trend toward significance for elevated richness and phylogenetic diversity with FI ( P ≥ 0·369; Figure 5 (c)–(d)).

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Notably, in a subset of students who transitioned from FS to FI status, we observed significantly greater community-level dissimilarity (Bray–Curtis or Canberra distance) across the GM, predicted functional pathways and faecal metabolome (Q ≤ 0·001); however, no specific phylum-, family- or species-level features or pathways reached statistical significance, and alpha diversity showed only a nonsignificant trend toward higher richness and phylogenetic diversity in FI.

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