Varicocele grade does not correlate with the severity of sperm DNA fragmentation levels nor with the amount of improvement in DNA fragmentation following varicocele repair.

As far as outcomes that were not quite statistically significant but may represent a trend, were men with grade 3 varicoceles had a trend towards a lower percentage of sperm with normal morphology in comparison to men with grade 2 varicoceles: 2.6% and 4.3% normal morphology respectively (P value =0.055); and that the difference in severity of SDF in men with grade 3 varicoceles being higher than those with grade 2 varicoceles, indicated a trend, although not quite statistically significant (P=0.051).

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