Individualized co-expression-like index (iCKI) enables gene-gene interactions as individual biomarkers for complex disease.

A single gene can only reflect its own expression status, while gene pairs can demonstrate their interactions and more comprehensively capture the complex biological changes during the occurrence and development of diseases; 2) enhancing the specificity of disease diagnosis: due to pleiotropy, single genes may be significant associated with multiple disease, limiting the diagnostic specificity.

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