Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.

The TMAO concentrations showed a highly significant difference between patients with CKD and healthy controls ( p < 0.0001).

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When comparing the survivor and non-survivor groups, the median values of both HDL and LDL showed an increasing trend in the non-survivor group; however, no statistically significant differences were observed ( Figure 9 ). 3.9.

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With regard to TBIL, a previous study noted a decreasing trend with increasing TMAO, but this also was not statistically significant [ 24 , 26 , 27 ].

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