Elevated Serum TNF-α/IL-1β Levels and Under-Nutrition Predict Early Mortality and Hospital Stay Burden in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Results Patient Demographics The TB cohort was characterized by a distinctly male predominance, reflecting occupational and behavioural exposure trends that have been documented nationally; nearly four in five patients were men compared with just over one-third of community donors, which yielded a highly significant χ 2 statistic (χ 2 = 18.17, p < 0.001).

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