Barely Significant
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Enhancing sleep, wakefulness, and cognition with transcranial photobiomodulation: a systematic review.

Front Behav Neurosci · 2025 · PMC12350269 · PMID 40822571

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a trend toward significanceno p-value reported
Other cognitive improvements post-treatment in domains such as attention/executive function, verbal memory and learning, and psychomotor/visuospatial memory showed a trend toward significance, but this is likely owed to a large heterogeneity within the population.

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trending toward significanceno p-value reported
While this pattern of mild-to-moderate improvement did appear in several other cognitive assessments [e.g., digit symbol substitution, word fluency, logical memory test two delayed recall, and Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)] after t-PBM, these findings were only trending toward significance and only some patients were described in detail as having positive changes in cognition.

also in 580 other papers

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