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Modeling hydrological processes and analyzing water balance utilizing remote sensing data and physical hydrological models in the Songnen Plain, China.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12352646 · PMID 40811379

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an increasing trendno p-value reported
Furthermore, the trends of changes in actual evapotranspiration and surface runoff are the same as those of changes in precipitation, both showing a decreasing trend before an increasing trend; the trends of changes in domestic water use, industrial water use, and water use for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries are increasing year by year; and the trends of changes in groundwater reserves are increasing.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported
The annual groundwater level exhibits a decreasing trend, with the majority of decreases occurring in higher terrain, near urban areas, and in regions with decreasing precipitation; the majority of increases occur in regions with increasing precipitation, expanding paddy fields, and water transfer from reservoirs. 3.4 Components of water cycle processes and their changes in characteristics From 1980 to 2020, the water cycle process in the Songnen Plain was simulated using a calibrated MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.