Human neural organoid microphysiological systems show the building blocks necessary for basic learning and memory.

4-AP also caused a decreasing trend in burst duration that was maintained over time.

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Firstly, while many GABAergic markers showed no difference in expression (e.g., PVALB, GABRA1, LHX6) , we observed a slight trend in downregulation of several GABAergic markers, such as SST, SLC32A1 , and GAD 1 and 2 in the week 12/13 organoids compared to the week 8 group, as shown in Supplementary Fig. 2a and b .

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More specifically, bicuculline caused an insignificant increasing trend in mean burst frequency and interburst interval coefficient of variation (CV) over time, a significant increase in percent of spikes within bursts 0 minutes after and an increasing trend in percent of spikes within bursts 2 and 4 hours after exposure.

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