A robot arm-assisted acupuncture system with motion and force monitoring: establishment and validation.

Front Bioeng Biotechnol · 2025 · PMC12364822 · PMID 40843449

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0001

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0001

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP < 0.0001actually significant

Specifically, for thermal pain measurements, both the MA and AR manipulations showed highly significant increases in AAT compared to AII (both P < 0.0001).

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an overall trendno p-value reported

Moreover, the force exerted on the needle during robotic arm acupuncture shows an overall trend similar to that of manual acupuncture, as illustrated in Figures 6B1–B2 .

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