Tracking soil health and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) across land-use types using physico-chemical, magnetic, and geochemical proxies: a case study from Manipal, Southwestern India.

Environ Geochem Health · 2025 · PMC12364988 · PMID 40828262

Europe PMC DOI

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highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

Soil magnetic, physico-chemical, and contamination patterns revealed by principal component analysis (PCA) Bartlett’s test yielded a highly significant result (χ 2 = 4507.6, df = 378, p < 0.001), indicating strong correlations among variables and justifying the application of PCA.

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