Factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes in Ireland: findings from a national database of 1,408,249 cases diagnosed between 2020 and 2022.

BMC Public Health · 2025 · PMC12369154 · PMID 40841886

Europe PMC DOI

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marginally significantno p-value reported

In the multivariate Model 2, the effect of being a current/ex-smoker had a marginally significant lower likelihood of COVID-19 death.

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