Multiplexed immune profiling and 3D co-culture assays to assess the individual checkpoint therapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Front Oncol · 2025 · PMC12370455 · PMID 40860824

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an elevated trendno p-value reported

Overall, most cytokines were either suppressed (e.g., IFN-γ, CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, TWEAK, TGF-β, SCF, LIF) in PB from HNSCC patients compared to controls or showed an elevated trend (e.g., CCL2, IL-16, IL-15) at specific time points.

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