Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Dual Risk of Small and Large for Gestational Age: A Narrative Review.

[ 66 ] included 36 studies discussing dietary patterns of 167,507 participants and revealed that “healthy” diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean proteins were associated with a weak trend toward lower SGA risk and slightly higher birth weights (mean difference: 67 g), whereas “unhealthy” patterns (refined grains, processed meats, saturated fats, sugars) correlated with reduced birth weight (−40 g) but showed no consistent associations with SGA or LGA risks.

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