Enhancing UV-B Protection and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plants: The Role of Silicon Nanoparticles in Photosynthetic Parameters, Pigments, and Secondary Metabolite Production.

Across the three-day measurement period, foliar application of SiNPs elicited a highly significant increase in stomatal conductance ( p < 0.0001) relative to controls under ambient UV-B ( Figure 2 a), with values of 326 ± 2.7 to 596 ± 1.5 mmol m −2 s −1 in treated leaves versus 211 ± 2.1 to 414 ± 4.4 m −2 s −1 in controls.

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Based on the measured data, it was observed that under ambient UV-B radiation, the treated plants showed an increasing trend in transpiration rates after treatment was performed ( Figure 4 a) when compared to untreated plants (2.86 ± 1.04 to 4.05 ± 0.48 mmol m −2 s −1 for treated plants, from 2.48 ± 0.82 to 3.33 ± 0.51 mmol m −2 s −1 for untreated plants).

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