Multidimensional Impact of Smog on Respiratory and Ocular Health: A Cross-Sectional Study With Socio-Psychological and Public Health Prospective.

Health Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12391013 · PMID 40895255

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.050actually significant

Safety measures during smog episodes were marginally significant with a coefficient of 0.34 (SE = 0.17), (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.00–1.98; p = 0.050), indicating that adherence to these measures could potentially reduce risk of COPD.

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a trend toward significancep ‐value = 0.070so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

showed a trendp ‐value = 0.070so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Awareness of public health campaigns showed a trend toward significance with a coefficient of 0.76 (SE = 0.42), (OR = 2.15; 95% CI: 0.93–4.94; p ‐value = 0.070).

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