The Flipped Classroom in Medical Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

J Med Internet Res · 2025 · PMC12391848 · PMID 40803672

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0510

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0510

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significanceP =.051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

There was substantial heterogeneity among the included studies ( I 2 =97.8%, τ 2 =0.91, P <.001; Figure S7 in Multimedia Appendix 1 ) and borderline significance for publication bias ( P =.051; Figure S7 in Multimedia Appendix 1 ), and no studies were found to be influential (Figure S8 in Multimedia Appendix 1 ).

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