The effects of aquatic therapy combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on proprioception and gait speed in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: an eight-week randomized sham-controlled trial.

BMC Geriatr · 2025 · PMC12403502 · PMID 40898048

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highly significantno p-value reported

Additionally, proprioception of the knee showed a highly significant effect across interventions.

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an apparent trendno p-value reported

There is an apparent trend of improvement in knee proprioception in the group which underwent both aquatic therapy and real tDCS, which may imply synergistic effect of the two interventions.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.