Establishment of the early gut microbiota in vaginally delivered infants: the influence of maternal gut microbiota outweighs vaginal microbiota.

Microbiol Spectr · 2025 · PMC12403616 · PMID 40792492

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Over time, in vaginally delivered infants, Escherichia-Shigella maintained a high abundance, Klebsiella decreased significantly, and Enterococcus exhibited an increasing trend.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The Venn diagram showed a decreasing trend in the OTU numbers of gut microbiota in cesarean-delivered infants over time, and the relative abundance of shared OTUs increased significantly (from 39.37% to 99.32%).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.