Polyvinylpyrrolidone can effectively improve the efficiency of resiquimod in sorting bovine Y sperm.

Anim Biosci · 2025 · PMC12415464 · PMID 40211851

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Moreover, during the analysis of sperm motility parameters (as shown in Figures 3B–3D ), an increase in the PVP concentration was associated with a decline in VCL, VSL, and VAP values, indicating a decreasing trend in sperm motility.

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