Astaxanthin Promotes Spermatogenesis in Mice by Reducing Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Damage and Regulating Fatty Acid Metabolism and Ferroptosis.

28 The clinical observation results of Asian men also suggest that the combination of multiple antioxidants (L-carnitine, zinc, astaxanthin, coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, vitamin B12, and vitamin E) can significantly increase the total number of active sperm and promote an increasing trend in semen concentration, semen vitality, and total number of active sperm while not affecting endocrine results. 29 Our results also confirmed this conclusion, but although the number of sperm in the model mice fed with astaxanthin and quercetin did not reach the level of normal mice, their growth rate was significantly greater than that of normal mice, especially in the astaxanthin group, which presented the greatest increase in sperm concentration, which may be related to the fact that astaxanthin can promote spermatogenesis.

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