Zirconia/dental pulp stem cell composite scaffolds repair osteogenic defect via regulating macrophages.

Front Bioeng Biotechnol · 2025 · PMC12426132 · PMID 40948971

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extremely significantno p-value reported

Furthermore, the N-Rgo/ZrO 2 +DPSCs--treated Thp-1 macrophages demonstrated extremely significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CD206, IL-10, and Arg1, while iNOS mRNA levels remained unchanged.

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