The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Upper- and Lower-Body Strength and Power: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Subgroup analyses by training history revealed an increasing trend in leg press strength for trained participants [WMD = 6.33 kg (95% CI: −0.18 to 12.85), p = 0.05, 14 interventions] but not in the untrained [WMD = 3.94 kg (95% CI: −2.68 to 10.56), p = 0.24, 27 interventions].

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Trained individuals exhibited a positive trend toward improvement [WMD = 6.33 kg, p = 0.05], while untrained participants showed no significant changes.

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