Comprehensive analysis of tuberculosis burden trends and attributable risk factors in the BRICS countries from 1990 to 2021, with forecasts for the next 15 years.

When AAPC >0 and the P -value <0.05, it indicates a statistically significant increasing trend in ASR over the study duration; when AAPC <0 and P -value <0.05, it shows a decreasing trend in the ASR; when P ≥ 0.05, it suggests no significant change in the rate.

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