highly significantp < 0.001
These findings were statistically validated using ANOVA, which showed that the differences in removal efficiencies for COD (F = 45.72), TDS (F = 39.64), TSS (F = 52.18), and color (F = 41.83) across voltage levels were highly significant ( p < 0.001), confirming that higher voltages enhance the electrocoagulation treatment efficiency.