Environmental modifications of dung beetle larvae shape their growth and life history.

J Exp Biol · 2025 · PMC12448313 · PMID 40709487

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0.0570

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0.0570

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marginally non-significantP =0.057so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Contrary to expectation, larvae inhabiting a brood ball that was manipulated by a larva of the same species tended to take longer to develop compared with those in brood balls manipulated by a different species, although this effect was marginally non-significant (Tukey-adjusted comparisons between modified conspecific versus heterospecific ABBs estimate±s.e.=3.01±1.16 days, P =0.057).

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