highly significantp < 0.001
There were highly significant effects of application method (F(1, 48) = 1392.99, p < 0.001; Figure 3B ), rate (F(3, 48) = 4414.04, p < 0.001; Figure 3C ), and time of application showed a significant main effect (F(2, 48) = 5.24, p = 0.009; Figure 3D ).